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“Digital
Signal Processing” No. 4-2017 |
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Randomization of receiving, processing and forming signals in radio channels of communications and location systems
Y.N. Gorbunov, e-mail: gorbunov@ms.ire.rssi.ru
Keywords: randomization, randomized processing, stochastic quantization, coarse statistics, binary and binary - character quantization, amplitude limitation, throughput.
Abstract
A stochastic approach to the construction of radio channels for communication and location systems is considered. Stochastic radio communication and radiolocation is based on the concept of introducing digital processing into the radio channels and the formation of signals of artificial stochasticity, which, along with the natural stochasticity caused by the random nature of the input signals, randomization of the conditions of the "receive-transmit" process. Examples include: the introduction of redundancy into signals by extending the spectrum of conventional (temporal) and spatial frequencies, the use of stochastic quantization and measurement scales, the use of tuning of carrier frequencies, mixing of controlled noise for linearization of the path, including allowing the use of coarse (binary, binary - Signed) statistics.
References
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Algorithm of objects images parameters estimation according to
radiometric observations
V.K. Klochko., e-mail: klochkovk@mail.ru
S.M. Gudkov., e-mail: s.m.gudkov@yandex.ru
Keywords: : radiometer, radio thermal images, segmentation, classification, model of
movement, parameters estimations, trajectory processing.
Abstract
In the passive systems of the millimetric range of waves radiovision there is a need of
objects detection and their movement paths determination for real time according to radiometric observations. The feature of radiometric system consists in radiometer antenna mechanical scanning of a review zone on angular coordinates that takes certain time. Timepoints of objects images
segmentation in one cycle of the review differ. In the sequences of review cycles the image of
objects and their mutual spatial situation are changing. It requires use of the appropriate movement models taking into account timepoints of segments formation.
The operation purpose – development of an algorithm for several objects images estimation in the sequence of review cycles of the scanning radiometric system taking into account timepoints of segments formation.
For the benefit of this purpose the problem of separation the most probable sequences of
vectors belonging to objects from sets of observed segments parameters vectors is solved. In the course of vectors separation trajectory parameters of objects are evaluated according to models of objects movement. The index of credibility of each sequence of vectors is calculated. Upon
termination of the review periods the final decision on objects detection with trajectory parameters of their movement is carried out.
The specific algorithm of the task decision for a finite number of steps – the review periods is offered. The algorithm allows to determine objects images parameters in time, including the parameters of objects movement paths taking into account timepoints of segments formation. Results of modeling the offered algorithm and modeling of its high-speed modification are shown in the computer environment. In case of modeling three moving objects with intersection of movement paths were found with probability, close to unit.
Results of operation can find application in the existing scanning radiometric systems for
remote sensing of objects on the land surface.
References
1. Passivnaya radiolokaciya: metody obnaruzheniya ob"ektov / Pod red. R. P. Bystrova i A. V. Sokolova. M.: Radiotekhnika, 2008. 320 p.
2. Kuz'min S.Z. Osnovy proektirovaniya sistem cifrovoj obrabotki radiolokacionnoj informacii. M.: Radio i svyaz', 1986. 352 p.
3. Farina A., Studer F. Cifrovaya obrabotka radiolokacionnoj informacii. Soprovozh-denie celej: per. s angl. / Pod red. A.N. YUr'eva, A.M. Bochkareva. M.: Radio i svyaz', 1993. 319 p.
4. Matematicheskie metody vosstanovleniya i obrabotki izobrazhenij v radioteplooptoehlektronnyh sistemah / V. K. Klochko. Ryazan': RGRTU, 2009. 228 p.
5. Metody avtomaticheskogo obnaruzheniya i soprovozhdeniya ob"ektov. Obrabotka izobrazhenij i upravlenie / B.A. Alpatov, P.V. Babayan, O.E. Balashov, A.I. Stepashkin. M.: Radio-tekhnika, 2008. 176 p.
6. Sejdzh EH., Mels Dzh. Teoriya ocenivaniya i ee primenenie v svyazi i upravlenii / Per. s angl. pod red. B. R. Levina. M.: Svyaz', 1976. 496 p.
Processing of onboard navigation information
for precise fast correction of space images
N.A. Egoshkin, e-mail: foton@rsreu.ru
Keywords: satellite, navigation, disturbed orbit, dynamic filtering, orientation angles, spatial position.
Abstract
The problem of satellite navigation data processing for high-precision determination of its linear and angular motion is considered. The problem is solved in order to support the operational ground-based geometric correction of space images. Increase of accuracy is achieved due to the optimal combination of data from duplicated instruments and due to refinement of the angular dynamics using an angular velocity sensor. In this case, it is possible to refine the design parameters with high accuracy due to the use of a large amount of data. To clarify the position and velocity of the satellite, dynamic filtering based on perturbed orbit models is used. Also, the orbits of GLONASS navigation satellites are quickly updated, which is used to solve the navigational task on radio navigation parameters with the use of phase information. Optimization of filtering parameters and accuracy estimation are performed using the high-precision solution obtained with a delay. The proposed approaches are tested on the data from spacecraft "Resurs-P" No. 3, submetric accuracy of the spatial coordinates of the satellite is reached.
References
1. Eremeev V.V. Modern technologies for processing Earth remote sensing data. M.:
PhisMathLit, 2015. 460 pp.
2. Egoshkin N.A., Eremeev V.V., Zinina I.I., Skirmunt V.K. The concept of refinement of elements of external orientation of spacecraft and its testing on field information from spacecraft "Resurs-DK1" // Proceedings of 2-th International conf. “Actual problems of rocket and space technology – Kozlovskie chtiniya”. Samara, 2011. pp. 216–217.
3. Rim H.J, Yoon S.P., Schutz B.E. The GLAS Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document for Precision Orbit Determination (POD). Center for Space Research. The University of Texas at Aus-tin. October 2002. 111p.
4. Kyohei Akiyama, Shinichi Nakamura, Ryo Nakamura, and Sachiyo Kasho. GPS-Based Precise Orbit Determination for LEO Satellites with Carrier-Phase Integer Ambiguity Resolution, 2012. Web-site http://issfd.org/ISSFD_2014/ISSFD24_Paper_S3-3_akiyama.pdf
5. Guochang Xu. GPS: Theory, Algorithms and Applications. New York: Springer, 2016. 508p.
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Method of identification of forest fire place projections on digital video images
Minakov E.I., e-mail: eminakov@bk.ru
Kalistratov D.S.
Mirchuk S.G.
Keywords: digital video image, block decomposition, base of reference blocks, projection of fire places, comparison, spectral analysis, two-dimensional discrete Fourier transform.
Abstract
Considered the actual problem of forest fire, proposed a method for recognizing of fire projections on digital video images based on a two-dimensional discrete Fourier transform, given the results of modeling for the space, air and ground video modes, describes the principle of searching fire projection with beforehand prepared base of fire and smoke images, considered the results of modeling for space, air and ground modes, offered model of corresponding measuring system, given recommendations for use the offered method in each of enumerated video modes.
References
1. Antanaytis, V. Osnovy monitoringov lesov / V. Antanaytis // Tartu: Gos. un-t – 1985. – pp. 6–7.
2. Multidimensional digital signal processing / Dan E. Dudgeon, Russell M. Mersereau (Englewood Cliffs, 1984) – 488 p.
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Algorithms of a two-element microphone array for speechenhancement in presence of coherent
interference
Stolbov M.B., e-mail: stolbov@mail.ifmo.ru
Pereluygin S.V., e-mail: sergey.perelygin@gmail.com
Keywords: problem of enhancing speech, microphone array, additive coherent noise.
Abstract
The article addresses the problem of enhancing speech corrupted with additive coherent noise when observations from two microphones are available. Five algorithms for signal processing of microphone array based on a priori information about the directions of sources of target signals and interference are analyzed. A conclusion is made about the expediency of using adaptive versions of algorithms.
References
1. Brandstein M. and Ward D. (Eds.). Microphone Arrays: Signal Processing Techniques and Applications. – Heidelberg, Germany: Springer-Verlag, 2001.
2. Benesty J. and Chen J. Study and Design of Differential Microphone Arrays. – Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2013.
3. Benesty J. Chen J. Huang Y. Microphone Array Signal Processing. – Springer, 2008, 250 p.
4. Monzingo R.A, Miller T.W. Adaptive antenna arrays. Introduction to the theory / / M: Radio and communication. 1986. - 448 p.
5. Fischer S., Kammeyer K., and Simmer K. Adaptive Microphone Arrays for Speech Enhancement in Coherent and Incoherent Noise Fields. Proc. 3rd meeting of the Acoustical Society of America and the Acoustical Society of Japan, 1996, pp.1-30.
6. Buck M., et al. A Compact Microphone Array System with Spatial Post-Filtering Automotive Applications. Proc. ICASSP 2009, pp. 221-224.
7. Li M. Advanced array processing techniques and systems // International Journal of Computer Research, 2009, v.17 (4). pp. 381-414.
8. Krivosheykin A.V., Perelygin S.V. Mikrofonnaya reshetka dlya realizacii napravlennoy akusticheskoy antenny // Izv. vuzov. Priborostroenie. 2015. ¹ 3. pp. 221-225.
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11. Lockwood M. et al. Performance of time- and frequency-domain binaural beam formers based on recorded signals from real rooms. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 115 (1), January 2004, pp.379-391.
Stability analysis of two-stage digital IIR-filter realization
Vityazev V.V., e-mail: vityazev.v.v@rsreu.ru
Goriushkin R.S., e-mail: rus.gorushkin@gmail.com
Keywords: digital signal processing, multirate signal processing, narrowband IIR-filter, forming filter, modeling.
Abstract
This article is devoted to the stability problem of filters with infinity impulse response (IIR-filters). The goal of this research is to analyze the dependence of IIR-filters two-staged realizationstability on the narrowband coefficientand squareness ratio.And also comparison of cascade structure with non-cascade. The results of modeling in Matlab+Simulink are also considered.
References
1. Vityazev V.V., Murav'ev S.I., Stepashkin A.I. Metod proektirovaniya cifrovyh polosovyh fil'trov s beskonechnoy pamyat'yu // Radiotekhnika. – 1984. - ¹ 2. – pp. 19-23.
2. V.V. Vityazev, Digital frequency selection of signals. Moscow: Radio and communication. 1993. 240 p.
3. Vityazev V.V., Goryushkin R.S. Issledovanie ustoychivosti cifrovyh grebenchatyh filtrov // Trudy 17-y MNTK «Cifrovaya obrabotka signalov i ee primenenie – DSPA 2015», Moskva, IPU RAN, T.1
4. Vityazev V.V., Multirate signal processing. – Ì.: Hot line - Telecom, 2017. – 336 p.
Comparative analysis of the results training of artificial neural networks in problems of processing signals based on evolutionary algorithm with and using "isolation"
Y.A. Turovsky., e-mail: yaroslav_turovsk@mail.ru
A.A. Adamenko., e-mail: adamenko.artem@gmail.com
Keywords: neurochip, evolutionary algorithm, isolation, isolate, artificial neural network.
Abstract
A series of computational experiments was conducted, based on the training of artificial neural networks (ANN) using an evolutionary algorithm. In the first group of these experiments, a simple evolutionary learning algorithm for ANN was used, in the second and third groups, the ANN "isolation" mechanism consisting in crossing the parent ANN and the emergence of a daughter ANN inside one "isolate" - a spatially limited region of ANN weights. It is shown that ANNs trained with the use of the "isolation" mechanism in most cases show better signal classification results than using a simple version of the evolutionary learning algorithm.
References
1. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL SYSTEMS AND REHABILITATION ENGINEERING, VOL. 14, NO. 2, JUNE 2006 187 The Neurochip BCI: Towards a Neural Prosthesis for Upper Limb Function Andrew Jackson, Chet T. Moritz, Jaideep Mavoori, Timothy H. Lucas, and Eberhard E. Fetz
2. Brain–computer interface technology as a tool to augment plasticity and outcomes for neurological rehabilitation Authors Bruce H. Dobkin. 14 March 2007 olume 579, Issue 3March 2007 Pages 637–642. The Journal of physiology
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Optimization scheme of partial transmit sequences technique for peak-to-average power ratio reduction of OFDM signals and its FPGA implementation
V.N. Tran, e-mail: nghiamosmipt@gmail.com
Keywords: Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR), OFDM modulation, partial transmit sequence (PTS), IFFT, FPGA.
Abstract
This paper presents an optimization scheme of partial transmit sequence (PTS) technique to reduce the Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) of OFDM signals, in which only a single inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) block is used and two-phase sequence is applied. The hardware architecture of the proposed PTS scheme is analyzed and mapped onto FPGA. The simulation results on Matlab and experimental results on FPGA for 64-QAM modulation and OFDM symbols of different lengths are presented. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that, as compared with conventional PTS (C-PTS), the proposed PTS scheme can obtain similar PAPR reduction performance with reduced computational performance.
PTS technique proves an effective approach in PAPR reduction performance without exhibiting signal distortion. The most important part of PTS schemes is the IFFT blocks. However, C-PTS schemes use the large number of IFFT blocks in parallel processing. Moreover, the hardware resource utilization increases exponentially with the number of IFFT blocks. These PTS schemes cannot be implemented on FPGA, if the input data block is partitioned into large number of subblocks.
To reduce the computational complexity with similar PAPR reduction performance compared with C-PTS, we exploit the properties of the IFFT operation: cyclic shift of frequency-domain sequences and property of the frequency-domain down-sampling sequences. Due to these properties of the IFFT operation, M time-domain partial transmit sequences can be computed by using a single N/M-point IFFT block instead of performing M N-point IFFT blocks.
References
1. S. H. Han and J. H. Lee. An overview of peak-to-average power ratio reduction techniques for multicarrier transmission // IEEE Wireless Communications, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 56–65, April 2005.
2. T. Jiang and Y. Wu. An Overview: Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Reduction Techniques for OFDM Signals // IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 257–268, June 2008.
3. S. H. Muller and J. B. Huber. OFDM with reduced peak-to-average power ratio by optimum combination of partial transmit sequences // IEE Electronics Letters, vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 36–69, Feb. 1997.
4. L.J. Cimini, N.R. Sollenberger. Peak-to-average power ratio reduction of an OFDM signal using partial transmit sequences // IEEE Commun. Letters, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 86–88, Mar. 2000.
5. C.-L. Wang, S.-S. Wang, H.-L. Chang. A low-complexity SLM based PAPR reduction scheme for SFBC MIMO-OFDM systems // Proc. IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conf. (WCNC), Quintana-roo, Mexico, pp. 1449–1453, Mar. 2011.
6. Pg109. Fast Fourier Transform v9.0 // Xilinx LogiCORE IP Product Guide, 97p, Nov. 2015.
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Development of automatic gain control algorithm of for speech signal
Filimonov V.A., e-mail: awgn@yandex.ru
Keywords: automatic gain control, speech signal, digital signal processing.
Abstract
This article discusses AGC automatic gain control algorithms for digital analytical input signal. Derivation of AGC algorithm for digital analytical speech signal is given. Impact of input signal response and algorithm changeable parameters on output signal response is described. Realization of discuss is possible only on the base of signal digital processing. Algorithm efficiency is confirmed in programmable way. Programmed listings are given in the article text. Special feature of discussed algorithms is their potential resistance defined by lack of feedback circuits.
References
1. Richard G. Lyons, Understanding Digital Signal Processing, 2nd edition, — Pearson Education, Inc., 2006, - p.656.
2. Solonina A.I., Ulakhovich D.A., Arbuzov S.M., Solovev E.B. Bases of digital processing of signals: 2nd edition, — BHV-Petersburg, 2005, - p.768.
3. Yukio Sato, Signal Processing. Getting Started. Dodeka-XXI, 2009, - 176 p.
Implementation of an OFDM coding system with PAPR reduction
Le Van Ku, e-mail: levanky@phystech.edu
Keywords: OFDM modulation, reduce PAPR, Adaptive Active Constellation Extension.
Abstract
In this paper we analyze the structure of a radio signal with OFDM modulation and conduct a study (research) to reduce the Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) by the use of some carrier frequencies (Tone reservation), by extending some modulation constellation points around of the constellation (Adaptive Active Constellation Extension). As a result of joint research and such methods of processing, PAPR of OFDM signals is reduced significantly (about above 5 dB) and the efficiency of using output amplifiers of the transmitting means is improved.
References
1. Le Van Ki, Issledovanie algoritmov obrabotki signalov s OFDM modulyaciey i
razrabotki rekomendacii po umensheniyu pik-faktora // Cifrovaya obrabotka signalov, - 2016, ¹1, pp.29-33.
2. Dvorkovich V.P., Dvorkovich A.V., Irtyuga V.A., Tenzina V.V. Novaya audiovizualnaya informacionnaya sistema // Broadcasting. Televidenie i radioveschanie. – 2005, ¹ 5. – pp. 52-56.
3. Korzhihin E.O., Vlasyuk I.V., Metody snizheniya pik-faktora v sistemah nazemnogo cifrovogo televizionnogo veschaniya standarta DVB-T2//T-Comm - Sistemy podvizhnoy svyazi i cifrovogo teleradioveschaniya. Vypusk po itogam 6-y otraslevoy nauchnoy konferencii MTUSI “Tekhnologii informacionnogo obschestva”, M.: «ID Media Pablisher» – 2012, ¹ 9–pp.83-86.
1. ETSI EN 302 755 V1.3.1 (2012-04) Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Frame structure channel coding and modulation for a second generation digital terrestrial television broadcasting system (DVBBT2).
5. Tellado, J., Cioffi, J.M., PAR Reduction in Multicarrier Transmission Systems.
6. Grace R. Woo, Douglas L. Jones, Peak Power Reduction in MIMO OFDM via Active Channel Extension // IEEE 2636 - 2639 Vol. 4,16-20 May 2005.
7. Madhuri P., Dr Malleswari B. L.,Peak-To-Average Power Ratio Reduction by CB-ACE and Adaptive Ace Algorithms // ISSN 2250-2459, Volume 2, Issue 2, February 2012.
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